Grocery Cost for a Family of 5
Wondering what a family of 5 should spend on groceries? The USDA prices it every month. For the reference family plus a preschooler, 4 to 5 years old, the official food plans for August 2026 run from $1,151 a month at the bare-bones thrifty level to $1,849 at the liberal level.
The four USDA food plans for a family of 5
| Plan | Weekly | Monthly | Per person / month |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thrifty | $266 | $1,151 | $230 |
| Low-Cost | $286 | $1,239 | $248 |
| Moderate-Cost | $353 | $1,529 | $306 |
| Liberal | $427 | $1,849 | $370 |
USDA convention: a month counts as 4.333 weeks. Per person is the monthly figure split 5 ways.
How USDA builds this number
USDA prices food person by person, by age and sex, then adjusts for household size, because bigger households share staples and waste less per person. Our stated example: the USDA reference family of four plus one preschooler, age 4 to 5. Here is the build-up for this family, monthly cost per person at each plan:
| Person | Thrifty | Low-Cost | Moderate | Liberal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male, 20 to 50 years | $318.90 | $317.20 | $398.10 | $486.20 |
| Female, 20 to 50 years | $253.70 | $275.70 | $336.10 | $428.80 |
| Child, 6 to 8 years | $209.20 | $262.00 | $304.50 | $356.30 |
| Child, 9 to 11 years | $241.90 | $270.90 | $349.50 | $407.40 |
| Child, 4 to 5 years | $188.30 | $178.80 | $221.40 | $267.60 |
| Added together | $1,212.00 | $1,304.60 | $1,609.60 | $1,946.30 |
| After the size adjustment (subtract 5%) | $1,151.40 | $1,239.37 | $1,529.12 | $1,848.98 |
The size adjustment for a household of 5 is: subtract 5%. Different ages in your family? The full person-by-person table is on the grocery costs index, and the same method works for any mix.
What this means for your budget
The gap between the thrifty floor ($1,151) and the moderate plan ($1,529) is $4,533 a year. That gap is not failure or success; it is the price of variety, convenience, and brands. Families who cook most meals from scratch and waste little can live near the thrifty line. Families with teenagers, sports schedules, and a standing pizza night will land near moderate, and that is normal, not overspending.
Check your own number. Enter your weekly spend in our grocery budget calculator (try $353 to see the moderate plan) and see which USDA plan your family matches. Putting food on autopilot in a written plan is easier with the family budget planner.
On SNAP? The maximum SNAP benefit for a household of 5 is $1,217 a month in fiscal 2027. See the SNAP maximum for a household of 5 and how it compares with the thrifty plan above.
Frequently asked questions
How much does the USDA say a family of 5 should spend on groceries?
For the reference family plus a preschooler, 4 to 5 years old, the USDA food plans for August 2026 run from $1,151 a month on the thrifty plan to $1,849 a month on the liberal plan. The moderate-cost plan, where most middle-income families land, is $1,529 a month, about $353 a week.
What is the thrifty food plan?
It is the USDA's bare-bones nutritious minimum: the cheapest way to feed a family a healthy diet, assuming nearly everything is cooked from scratch at home and almost nothing is wasted. It is also the plan SNAP maximum benefits are built from.
Why might my family of 5 spend more or less than this?
These figures assume the reference family plus a preschooler, 4 to 5 years old. Ages matter a lot: in this family the most expensive person to feed on the thrifty plan is the male, 20 to 50 years, at $319 a month. Swap a toddler for a teenager and the total jumps. Prices where you live matter too; these are national averages.
How do I turn this into a budget?
Pick the plan closest to how your family actually eats, then use its weekly figure as your grocery target for a month and see how it feels. Our grocery budget calculator lets you compare your real spending against all four plans for your household.
Keep exploring
All family sizes: USDA grocery costs by family size · Tools: Grocery budget calculator · Family budget planner
Source: USDA Food and Nutrition Service, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, USDA Food Plans monthly cost of food report, August 2026, retrieved 2026-10-13. Figures are national averages for food prepared and eaten at home. USDA updates these costs every month for food price inflation.